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ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level (CTFL v4.0) ISTQB-CTFL Prüfungsfragen mit Lösungen (Q81-Q86):

81. Frage
A minimum of 0 and a maximum of 40 points can be achieved in a Certified Tester Foundation examination.
With a score of 26 points to 36 points inclusive, the exam is considered "passed", with 37 points or higher it is
"passed with distinction" and with less than 26 points the examination is "not passed".
Which of the following sets of positive integers fully covers a 2-value boundary value analysis ? (No values from invalid equivalence classes should be specified).

A. 25, 26, 27, 39, 40, 41
B. 0, 2, 25, 26, 27, 35, 36, 37
C. 0, 25, 26, 36, 37, 40
D. 0, 24, 25, 35, 36, 37, 40

Antwort: C

82. Frage
A system has valid input numbers ranging between 1000 and 99999 (both inclusive). Which of the following inputs are a result of designing tests for all valid equivalence classes and their boundaries?

A. 999.1000.23232.99999.100000
B. 1000,50000,99999
C. 999.1000.50000.100000.100001
D. 999.100000

Antwort: C

Begründung:
A correct list of boundary values for the P input should include the minimum and maximum values of the valid range (15 and 350), as well as the values just below and above the boundaries (14 and 351). Boundary value analysis is a test design technique that involves testing the values at or near the boundaries of an input domain or output range, as these values are more likely to cause errors than values in the middle. Option B satisfies this condition, as it has all four boundary values (14, 15, 350, 351). Option A has two values from the same equivalence class (1000 and 99999), option C has two values outside the range (999 and 100000), and option D has no boundary values at all. Verified References: A Study Guide to the ISTQB Foundation Level
2018 Syllabus - Springer, page 34.

83. Frage
Which of the following statements about branch coverage is true?

A. If full branch coverage has been achieved, then all unconditional branches within the code have surely been exercised
B. If full branch coverage has been achieved, then all combinations of conditions in a decision table have surely been exercised
C. Exercising at least one of the decision outcomes for all decisions within the code, ensures achieving full branch coverage
D. The minimum number of test cases needed to achieve full branch coverage, is usually lower than that needed to achieve full statement coverage

Antwort: C

Begründung:
Exercising at least one of the decision outcomes for all decisions within the code, ensures achieving full branch coverage, which is a test coverage criterion that requires that all branches in the control flow of the code are executed at least once by the test cases. A branch is a basic block of code that has a single entry point and a single exit point, and a decision is a point in the code where the control flow can take more than one direction, such as an if-then-else statement, a switch-case statement, a loop statement, etc. The decision outcomes are the possible paths that can be taken from a decision, such as the then branch or the else branch, the case branch or the default branch, the loop body or the loop exit, etc. The other statements are false, because:
* The minimum number of test cases needed to achieve full branch coverage, is usually higher than that needed to achieve full statement coverage, which is a test coverage criterion that requires that all executable statements in the code are executed at least once by the test cases. This is because branch coverage is a stronger criterion than statement coverage, as it implies statement coverage, but not vice versa. For example, a single test case can achieve full statement coverage for an if-then-else statement, but two test cases are needed to achieve full branch coverage, as both the then branch and the else branch need to be exercised.
* If full branch coverage has been achieved, then all unconditional branches within the code have not necessarily been exercised, as unconditional branches are branches that do not depend on any decision, and are always executed, such as a goto statement, a break statement, a return statement, etc.
Unconditional branches are not part of the branch coverage criterion, as they do not represent different paths in the control flow of the code. However, they are part of the statement coverage criterion, as they are executable statements in the code.
* If full branch coverage has been achieved, then all combinations of conditions in a decision table have not necessarily been exercised, as a decision table is a test design technique that represents the logical relationships between multiple conditions and their corresponding actions, in a tabular format. A decision table can have more combinations of conditions than the number of decision outcomes in the code, as each condition can have two or more possible values, such as true or false, yes or no, etc. For example, a decision table with four conditions can have 16 combinations of conditions, but the corresponding code may have only two decision outcomes, such as pass or fail. To exercise all combinations of conditions in a decision table, a stronger test coverage criterion is needed, such as condition combination coverage, which requires that all possible combinations of condition outcomes in the code are executed at least once by the test cases. References: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level (CTFL) v4.0 sources and documents:
* ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Chapter 2.3.1, Test Coverage Criteria Based on the Structure of the Software
* ISTQB Glossary of Testing Terms v4.0, Branch Coverage, Statement Coverage, Branch, Decision, Decision Outcome, Unconditional Branch, Decision Table, Condition Combination Coverage

84. Frage
A software application incorrectly provided customers discounts of 50% off their total purchases if the purchases exceeded S100. It was discovered through an audit that the discount should have been only 5% off these purchases. A root cause analysis uncovered that the requirements Incorrectly stated 50% instead of 5% in this scenario.
Which of the following MOST accurately reflects this scenario?

A. The incorrect customer discount is the effect and the reason for the requirement error is the root cause
B. A defect in the code is determined to be the root cause of the incorrect calculation
C. The audit finding Is the root cause, the incorrect calculation of 50% Is the defect, and the Incorrect requirement Is the effect
D. The incorrect discount is the root cause, requiring a root cause analysis which led to investigating the software code, design, and requirements

Antwort: A

Begründung:
According to the ISTQB CTFL syllabus, a defect is a deviation from the expected result which in this scenario is the incorrect discount applied to the customers. The root cause, as per the ISTQB definition, is the originating cause of a defect, which in this case is the incorrect requirement stating 50% instead of 5%.
Therefore, the incorrect requirement is the root cause and the customer receiving the wrong discount is the effect of this root cause.References:ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Section 1.4.3
"Defects, Root Causes, and Effects".

85. Frage
Given the following priorities and dependencies for these test cases:

Which of the following test execution schedules BEST takes into account the priorities and technical and logical dependencies?

A. TC1 - TC3 - TC2 - TC4 - TC5 - TC6
B. TC3 - TC4 - TC2 - TC6 - TC1 - TC5
C. TC1 - TC3 - TC2 - TC4 - TC6 - TC5
D. TC2 - TC4 - TC1 - TC3 - TC5 - TC6

Antwort: A

Begründung:
When scheduling test cases, priorities and dependencies must be considered. The best execution order will respect both the logical dependencies and the priorities assigned to each test case.
Given the options, the correct order considering the priorities and dependencies is:
TC1 (Priority 1)
**TC (ISTQB not-for-profit association)ity 2, dependent on TC1)
TC2 (Priority 3, dependent on TC1)
TC4 (Priority 4)
TC5 (Priority 5)
TC6 (Priority 6, dependent on TC4)
According to the ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level (CTFL) v4.0 syllabus, understanding dependencies and scheduling tests accordingly is crucial for effective test execution【6 source】.
Reference:
Certified Tester Foundation Level v4.0
ISTQB Foundation Level Syllabus 4.0 (2023)

86. Frage
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Wir haben die umfassendesten Schulungserfahrugnen, Und manche davon stehen jetzt vor Herausforderungen anderer Sachen, Diese Version von ISTQB ISTQB-CTFL Quiz kann das Lernprozess viel erleichtern.

Es gibt insgesamt drei Versionen für Sie und jede hat ISTQB-CTFL Vorbereitung ihre eigene Vorteile, Wie wir alle wissen, kann das Verfahren genauer als die Arbeitskräfte sein.

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